The original form of the word, "marechal", or head groom, was in charge of the stables under the constable. After the King, he had command of the army, and the highest military rank. The marshal was responsible for the organization of the troops in the field, retainers, banners, insignia, crests, badges, and standards, which identified and distinguished the combatants. These tasks evolved into an important role in the diplomatic decisions, negotiations in the field, and in declarations of war. The organization of coronations, royal baptisms, marriages, and funerals devolved upon the marshal as well. Additionally, the marshal became the head of the College of Arms.

The first marshal was Gilbert (no surname) , followed by his son John, who took the title of "John fitz Gilbert le Marechal." Also known as John le Marechal and John Marshall, he secured the title as hereditary.

His son, William Marshall, (Guillaume le Marechal), lord of Chapstow Castle, earl of Pembroke, was a member of the royal council under Richard Coeur de Lion, and later, his brother, John Lackland. William Marshall played a major role in the negotiation of the Great Charter. He was, at various times, sheriff, assistant justiciar, and regent.